DESCRIBING A PROCESS
By
describing a process we mean the series of actions or preparations performed in
order to do, make, or to achieve some result. কোনো ফল লাভের জন্য একের পর এক কাজগুলি করার বর্ণনাকে describing a process বলা হয়।
How to write:
The
steps are given in a chart which is called the flow chart. You have to write
one or two sentences on each of the stages. The flowchart is nothing but
writing a plain and simple paragraph.
প্রশ্নপত্রে কোনো পরিক্রিয়া ধাপে ধাপে সংকেত আকারে দেওয়া থাকে। প্রত্যেকটির stage এর ওপর একটি বা দুটি বাক্য লিখতে হয়।
You
should write an introductory sentence or sentences.
প্রথমে ভূমিকায় দু'টি কিংবা একটি sentence লিখে Paragraphটি আরম্ভ করতে হয়। যেমনঃ
[1]
তরল পদার্থ হলে (Milk/Coffee/Tea)........ is a favourite drink/ the
most common drink.
[ii]
সুস্বাদু খাদ্য হলে (Pickle)........is
a tasty/a delicious/sauce/food.
[iii]
প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস হলে (Soap/Paper/Phenyl/Rubber)......is a very useful/a
necessary thing in our daily life.
[iv]
রোজকার খাদ্য হলে (Rice/Bread)..........is a common and staple
food/daily food in India.
Introductory
sentence হিসেবে দ্বিতীয় বাক্যটি এইভাবে লেখা যেতে পারে :
It
is prepared through a long continuous process. It can be easily made at home if
the process is followed carefully. It is processed/prepared through several
stages.
You
should use some linkers in order to indirect the order of steps taken in the
process. পর পর ধাপগুলির মধ্যে সংগতি রাখার জন্য সংযোগকারী wordগুলি ব্যবহার
করতে হবে। At
first / (প্রথমে ) Then / (তারপর) / Now (এবার) / Later (এরপর) finally / At last ( পরিশেষে ) etc.
ইত্যাদি।
The
stages of writing are described in impersonal form and are generally written in
the passive voice. কে কাজটি করছে তা উহ্য রেখে শুধু কর্মবাচ্যে সমস্ত প্রক্রিয়াটি বর্ণনা করা যায়।
The proper sequence has to be maintained. আগের ঘটনার সঙ্গে পরের ঘটনার যোগসূত্র থাকতে হবে।
Processing-এর ক্ষেত্রে নিম্নলিখিত বিষয়গুলি মনে রেখো
1.
Processing বর্ণনায় কতকগুলি stage দেওয়া থাকে। প্রত্যেক stage থেকে verbটিকে খুঁজে বার করতে হবে। Verbটি সরাসরি দেওয়া না থাকলে অনুমান করে বের করতে হবে।
2.
Verbটিকে কী দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করে subject বের করতে হবে। কোনো কোনো ক্ষেত্রে কর্তা উহ্য থাকতে পারে। সেক্ষেত্রে বাক্যগুলি থেকে subject মনে করে নিতে হয়।
Buying mangoes from market pouring/into jars
verb subject verb
কী কিনব? কী ঢালব?
Mangoes are bought from the market. Mango
pickle is poured into jars.
3.
Processing এর অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রে Agent বিহীন Passive Voice(
Passive Voice of the verb without an agent) এ লিখতে হবে। তাই Subjectএর পর to be verb (am/is/are/was/were) বসাতে হবে।
4.
Main verb-এর Past Participle করতে হবে। তারপর অন্যান্য শব্দ বসবে।
লক্ষ্য করো Lemon Juice তৈরির ক্ষেত্রে কীভাবে সমস্ত point গুলি সাজিয়ে একটি Paragraph লেখা যায়।
Collecting
lemons from market → sorting them to
remove the rotten ones→ peeling the lemons-crush to extract juice → adding
sugar to the juice → boil for half an
hour-cooling the juice-putting into sterilized bottles → ready to market.
Lemon
juice is a tasty drink. It can be easily made at home if the process of preparation
is followed carefully.
|
Linker |
Subject |
To be verb |
Participle of
the main verb |
Preposition/
articles |
Other parts |
|
At first |
lemons |
are |
collected |
from |
market |
|
Then |
the goods and
fresh lemons |
are |
sorted out. |
|
|
|
After that |
the bad and
rotten ones |
are |
removed. |
|
|
|
Next |
the fresh
lemons |
are |
peeled |
|
|
|
Thereafter |
the lemons |
are |
crushed |
to |
extract juice. |
|
Then |
some sugar |
is |
added |
To |
the juice |
|
Later |
the extracted
juice |
is |
boiled |
In a |
pan for half an
hour |
|
Then |
the juice |
is |
cooled |
for |
some time. |
|
Now |
the juice |
is |
put |
into |
sterilized
bottles. |
Finally
the lemon juice is ready for market.
N.B.
শেষের sentence টি Passive Voice নাও হতে পারে।
1. Study the following flow-chart and
describe how bread is made.
flour, salt, yeast, water → weighed → mixed
up → dough prepared → cut into one-pound size → rolled and shaped → baked 20-30
minutes → sliced → wrapped in paper → ready
for sale.
HOW BREAD IS MADE
Bread
is a common and staple food in India. It is prepared through several stages. Flour,
salt, yeast, and water are the main ingredients ( মিশ্র বস্তুর উপাদন). At first, those things are
weighed
in proper proportion. Then they are mixed up thoroughly and made into doughs (মাখা ময়দার তাল ). Then the doughs are cut into one-pound sizes.
Thereafter these are rolled and shaped. Next, these are baked in an oven for half an hour. Thus these are prepared into loaves. Then these are cut into
slices. Finally, these slices are wrapped in paper and are ready for sale.
2. The flowchart below is about the
preparation of mustard oil. Use the flowchart and describe the process in
about 100 words. Tie up your sentences with proper linking words.
Seed collected → dried crushed in a
machine → little water added →oil extracted oil cakes separated →oil kept in
containers →sealed ready for use and sale.
[Madhyamik Examination-2005]
PREPARATION OF MUSTARD OIL
The
process of preparing mustard oil passes through the following stages. At first
mustard seeds are collected from the market. Then they are dried up in the sun form
some days. After this, the seeds are crushed in a machine. A little water is
added to moisten the crushed seeds to extract oil. Next oil is extracted and
oil cakes are separated from the mixture. Then oil is kept in clean containers.
At last, the containers are sealed properly. Oil is now ready for use and the
containers are sent to market for sale.
3. Use the following flow-chart to write
a paragraph describing how hand-made paper is made ready for market.
collect rags/torn cloths → cut into
small pieces → wash and clean→ soaked in bleach (3-4 days) → beat into pulp → spread
and lift in fine wire-net trays → drain
out excess water → overturn on blanket pieces → dry in sun or heating chamber →
lift the paper from blanket pieces and dip in liquid gum → dry again and packed. [Madhyamik
Examination-1994]
PREPARATION OF HAND-MADE PAPER
Hand-made
paper is suitable for printing book covers and for drawing. It is made from
rags or torn clothes. At first rags and clothes are collected. Then those
collected rage and clothes are cut into small pieces and washed and cleaned in
water. Next, they are soaked in bleaching solution for 3 to 4 days. Later the
bleached bits are beaten into a pulp. Then the pulp is spread and lifted in fine
wire-net-trays for draining out excess water. Next, the pulp is overturned on
blanket pieces. Then these are dried in the sun or heating chambers. Paper is
lifted from blanket pieces and dipped into the liquid gum. Finally, the paper
is dried again and packed. In his way, hand-made paper is made ready for sale
in the market.
4. You may prepare phenyl at home. Below
is an outline of the process of preparation. Study it carefully and describe
the process.
Mixing crushed resin with boiled castor
oil → cooling → mixing caustic soda→ stirring solution frequently pouring
creosote oil → leaving it for 10 minutes → adding carbolic acid and potassium
permanganate → pouring water → stirring the solution → pouring into another pot
→ leaving it for 24 hours.
PREPARATION OF PHENYL
Phenyl
is a household germicide (জীবাণুনাশক বস্তু). It may be prepared very easily at home. At first, the crushed resin is
mixed with boiled castor oil. Then the mixture is kept for cooling for some
time. Then caustic soda solution is mixed with it. Next, the solution is stirred
frequently (বারে বারে নাড়া হয়). Thereafter creosote oil is poured into it. Then the
solution is left for ten minutes. In the next stage, carbolic acid and
potassium permanganate are added to the solution. No water is poured into the
solution. The solution is again stirred constantly. Finally, the solution is
poured into another pot and left for 24 hours. Now phenyl is ready to be used.
5. Look at the flow-chart and describe
how jute is harvested and made ready for the market.
Plants cut at the ground level → left on
dry land → tied in bundles → dipped in water for retting stalks stripped → fiber
rinsed, piled strands opened out → hung in the sun → tied → made ready for the
market
JUTE PROCESSING
Next
to cotton, just in an industrial crop ( শিল্প ফসল ). Jute is
obtained through a number of steps. At first jute plants, are cut at the ground
level or uprooted in case of flooded land. Then the plants are left on dry land
for two or three days. After that, these are tied in bundles and dipped in the water of a ditch or pond for retting. On the completion of retting, the fiber (
তন্তু ) is separated from the stalks. The separated fiber is
then rinsed ( হালকাভাবে
ধোওয়া ) and piled on the ground. Then the
strands are opened out and hung up in the sun to dry. Finally, they are tied
into bales (বড়ো গাঁটরি করে বাঁধা হয়) and made ready for the
market.
6. The flowchart below is about the preparation of a mixture useful for rehydration or removing a shortage of water
in the body. It is also useful for curing diarrhea. Use the flowchart and
describe the process in about 80 words.
Clean hands, clean pots, a teaspoon
tablespoon, cups → one liter boiled but cold water in a pot → sugar or
honey → 2 table spoonful’s → ordinary salt 1/4 teaspoonful → orange juice 1/2
cup of lemon juice a few drops → of sodium bicarbonate (commonly called edible
soda) 1/4 teaspoonful → stirring well → ready to drink
RE-HYDRATION
A
mixture useful for re-hydration or removing shortage of water in the body can
easily be made at home. At first hands of the person who is preparing the
mixture are meticulously cleaned. Pots, teaspoons, tablespoons, cups must be
thoroughly washed. After that one liter of water is boiled in a pot and then
allowed for some time to cool down. The next two tablespoonfuls of sugar or honey
and one-fourth teaspoonful of ordinary salt are added to that water. To the
mixture, half a cup of orange juice or a few drops of lemon juice is added. Then
half teaspoonful of sodium bicarbonate commonly called edible soda is mixed
with the mixture. The mixture is then stirred well to get the contents
dissolved. In this way, the re-hydration mixture is made ready for use.
